Abstract
The castles were usually built on the strategic positions around of cities, crossroads, gateways to an important location, passageway, the Bosporus among mountains, the cape reaching to sea, the islands which are a little distant from shore, bridgeheads, the Bosporus of sea by being benefitted from also natural characteristics of land. The main viewpoints of castle construction were building the elements suitable to defended easily by few troops, and there was a part which the inners could go out when it was necessary, the castle could endure surroundings for a long time, many directions of castle were guarded in a natural way. Toprakkale is situated in the 8rd km. -west of Osmaniye and occupies 100 square kilometers. Due to being on the way of the main road and so close to Syria, Toprakkale is an important spot. Especially because of the way over from Syria, it has been the apple of eye of many civilizations and bears a lot of traces from those cultures.
Keywords
Castle, Mamluk, Citadel, Toprakkale, Cilicia, Çukurova
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